In Côte d’Ivoire, the transition away from Gavi financing represents one of the most significant programmatic and financial challenges facing the national immunization programme. Having benefited from Gavi support since 2001, the country entered the accelerated transition phase in late 2022, with a target of full self-financing by 2030. This transition implies a more than […]
Topic: Sustainability
Resource Mobilization and Financial Sustainability: Financial sustainability for HPV vaccination – Malawi
In Malawi, financial sustainability for HPV vaccination is pursued against a backdrop of significant programmatic complexity and recurrent health emergencies, including COVID-19, polio, cholera outbreaks, and cyclone-related displacement. Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women aged 15–49 in Malawi, with an age-standardised incidence of 67.9 per 100,000 women per year and […]
Resource Mobilization and Financial Sustainability: Financial sustainability for HPV vaccination – Zimbabwe
In Zimbabwe, HPV vaccination was introduced nationally in 2018 targeting Grade 5 girls, with initial financing largely provided by Gavi and government co-financing covering procurement and delivery. To sustain the programme amid competing health priorities and fiscal constraints, Zimbabwe has pursued a multi-pronged financing and integration strategy. Key steps include embedding a dedicated HPV budget […]
Resource Mobilization and Financial Sustainability: After Gavi: South Africa’s experience crafting a sustainable HPV vaccination program
In South Africa, HPV vaccination has been fully domestically financed since 2014 through a National Treasury conditional grant — without Gavi support — with provincial allocations rising from R49 million in 2024/25 to a projected R72 million in 2026/27. The programme transitioned to a single-dose schedule from 2023 and expanded to private and independent schools […]
Context-responsive modelling to inform HPV vaccination strategies: from introduction, vaccine target expansion, to integration with screening
The IARC Public Health Decision Science Team presented a framework for context-responsive modelling across the full lifecycle of national HPV vaccination programs, from introduction through target expansion to integration with cervical screening. Using case studies from Bhutan, India, Sweden, and Rwanda, the team demonstrated how country-specific parameters — including disease burden, cost data, and coverage […]
Articulating the challenges: Country experiences improving service delivery through a lens of persistent challenges – Senegal
In Senegal, HPV vaccination was introduced in 2018 and integrated from the outset into routine immunization, delivered through health facilities, schools, and community outreach. Despite achieving 90% first-dose coverage in 2019, coverage declined following COVID-19-related disruptions and has since stabilized at around 70%, prompting a national revitalization plan launched in 2023. The country has developed […]
Articulating the challenges: Country experiences improving service delivery through a lens of persistent challenges – The Gambia
In The Gambia, the EPI programme operates 486 monthly vaccination service delivery points combining fixed sites and outreaches, with school-based campaigns and quarterly PIRI activities as the primary service delivery modes. Following a NITAG recommendation, the country switched to a single-dose HPV schedule in January 2025, resulting in a national coverage increase from 12% to […]
Articulating the challenges: Country experiences improving service delivery through a lens of persistent challenges – Kenya
In Kenya, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths among women, with approximately 10 women dying daily (GLOBOCAN 2022). Following a pilot in Kitui County (2013–2015), the HPV vaccine was introduced nationally in October 2019 targeting 10-year-old girls, with COVID-19 disruptions prompting a multi-age cohort expansion to […]
Exploring service delivery strategies, their frequency and long-term coverage trends using school-based platforms. – Rwanda
In Rwanda, the HPV vaccination programme — Africa’s first, launched in 2011 — has evolved through three delivery phases: a school grade-based campaign model (2011–2014), integration into routine immunization targeting 12-year-old girls (2015–present), and a single-dose schedule from 2024. Over 2 million girls have received at least one HPV dose since introduction, with coverage consistently […]
Exploring service delivery strategies, their frequency and long-term coverage trends using school-based platforms. – Uganda
In Uganda, HPV vaccination began with a 2007 pilot project, expanded to a national rollout in 2015 targeting 10-year-old girls through a hybrid school- and age-based model. The presentation traces the programme’s milestones including post-introduction evaluations, COVID-19 disruptions, and post-pandemic recovery. Delivery relies on routine immunization infrastructure, with most vaccinations occurring biannually during Integrated Child […]