This Q&A session addressed questions on vaccine procurement sustainability, local manufacturing rationale, and the cost-competitiveness of HPV vaccines relative to other antigens. On procurement capacity, Kenya’s representative noted that disruptions caused by the withdrawal of US government funding for data management activities underscored the need for countries to build sovereign capacity in vaccine procurement and manufacturer engagement — reducing dependence on any single external partner. On local manufacturing, the COVID-19 pandemic was cited as a key lesson: when India prioritised domestic supply before exporting vaccines, African countries experienced critical shipment delays, reinforcing the rationale for establishing a regional manufacturing hub through Kenya BioVax Institute, developed in partnership with manufacturers including China and South Korea, and intended to benefit the wider African region rather than Kenya alone. A third question, directed to Soussoubié Koffi, highlighted that the projected cost breakdown by vaccine presented in his slides — showing HPV at approximately 20% of the cost of PCV — constituted a powerful advocacy tool for governments that routinely fund PCV without hesitation but remain hesitant on HPV. The moderator confirmed the slide would be shared directly with interested participants.