In Rwanda, HPV vaccination data management has undergone a comprehensive transition from paper-based registers to integrated digital systems. Prior to 2022, health workers manually aggregated vaccination counts at month-end and reported them to HMIS, a process prone to human error, delays, and data fragmentation. Since 2020, the e-Tracker/DHIS2 system records individual client immunization data, enabling real-time coverage monitoring and automated aggregation to HMIS, eliminating manual transcription errors. Complementing this, the eVLMIS platform manages the vaccine supply chain from central to facility level, with features including batch and expiry tracking, stockout alerts, demand forecasting, and temperature monitoring. Enabling factors for the digital transition include trained staff with continuous mentorship, universal internet connectivity across health facilities, and tablet provision by the national immunization programme. The system now issues digital vaccination cards to parents via SMS links and generates interoperable data flows across civil registration, immunization, and supply chain platforms. Rwanda’s experience demonstrates that sustained investment in digital infrastructure and workforce capacity can significantly improve data quality, logistics efficiency, and public health decision-making.