China has administered over 85 million HPV vaccine doses between 2017 and 2022, yet first-dose coverage among girls aged 9–14 remains only 4%. National introduction is pending, but multiple pilot programs now provide free or subsidized vaccines across 10 provinces and 18 cities, supported by multisectoral collaborations. Barriers include high vaccine costs, supply limitations, and low public awareness, though forthcoming strategies aim to expand free vaccination nationally by 2030.