Cervical Cancer Screening Implementation in Turkey

Turkey transitioned in 2014 from Pap smear–based cervical cancer screening to a national HPV DNA–based program targeting women ≥30 years every five years. Dual sampling (HPV DNA plus reflex Pap smear) is analyzed centrally in a high-throughput mega-laboratory with real-time digital tracking and mobile result delivery. This centralized model increased screening coverage from <5% to nearly 50% and significantly reduced costs and manpower needs. HPV positivity is around 5%, with referrals streamlined to colposcopy for HPV 16/18 or abnormal cytology cases. The program’s success highlights the value of centralized testing, IT integration, and community-based engagement, though challenges remain in colposcopy quality, vaccination gaps, and public awareness. This model is now referenced as a scalable blueprint for LMICs seeking efficient cervical cancer elimination strategies.

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